9+ Fort Lauderdale to Dallas Flight Time & Duration


9+ Fort Lauderdale to Dallas Flight Time & Duration

The length of a journey by air between Fort Lauderdale-Hollywood Worldwide Airport (FLL) and Dallas/Fort Value Worldwide Airport (DFW), or Dallas Love Subject (DAL), is determined by a number of elements. These embrace the airline chosen, the precise route, climate circumstances, and air visitors management. Continuous flights usually vary from two and a half to 3 hours, whereas connecting flights can considerably lengthen journey time.

Understanding typical durations for this route is essential for planning. Vacationers could make knowledgeable choices concerning connecting flights, floor transportation, and total journey itineraries. Traditionally, developments in aviation know-how have diminished journey instances between these cities, facilitating simpler enterprise and leisure journey. Accessing dependable details about common durations empowers vacationers to optimize their schedules and decrease potential disruptions.

This data serves as a place to begin for a extra detailed exploration of journey between South Florida and North Texas. Additional subjects would possibly embrace particular airline schedules, the impression of seasonal journey, ideas for reserving flights, and exploring the facilities and companies supplied at every airport.

1. Direct Flights

Direct flights signify a crucial issue influencing total journey time between Fort Lauderdale and Dallas. Choosing a continuous flight eliminates the time spent throughout layovers, together with deplaning, ready in connecting terminals, and re-boarding. This interprets to a considerably shorter journey, usually starting from two and a half to 3 hours. For time-sensitive vacationers, similar to enterprise professionals or these with tight schedules, a direct flight gives appreciable benefits. For instance, a direct flight permits a traveler to reach in Dallas within the morning after departing Fort Lauderdale, maximizing the workday. Conversely, a connecting flight would possibly contain a layover in one other metropolis, doubtlessly including a number of hours to the whole journey time and pushing arrival into the afternoon or night.

The supply of direct flights is determined by the airways serving the route and the precise day of journey. Airways might provide extra direct flights throughout peak seasons or on weekdays in comparison with weekends. Understanding these patterns permits vacationers to strategically select flights that decrease journey time. Moreover, the selection between Dallas/Fort Value Worldwide Airport (DFW) and Dallas Love Subject (DAL) can affect the provision of direct flights from Fort Lauderdale. Sure airways might favor one airport over the opposite, necessitating cautious consideration when reserving.

Prioritizing direct flights streamlines journey, reduces potential disruptions, and maximizes time spent on the vacation spot. Whereas price issues might generally favor connecting flights, the time saved typically justifies the potential value premium, particularly for vacationers valuing effectivity. Researching airline schedules and reserving prematurely will increase the chance of securing a direct flight and optimizing the general journey expertise between Fort Lauderdale and Dallas.

2. Connecting Flights

Connecting flights play a major function in figuring out total journey time between Fort Lauderdale and Dallas. Not like direct flights, connecting itineraries contain a number of intermediate stops at different airports. This introduces further time issues past the precise flight length, similar to layover durations, deplaning and re-boarding processes, and potential delays. Consequently, connecting flights typically lengthen the whole journey time in comparison with direct choices. As an example, a connecting flight with a one-hour layover in Atlanta may add two or extra hours to the general journey, contemplating the time required to disembark, navigate the connecting airport, and board the next flight to Dallas. This prolonged journey time necessitates cautious planning, notably for time-sensitive journeys.

Whereas connecting flights would possibly provide price benefits or elevated route availability, notably to smaller airports not served by direct flights from Fort Lauderdale, the prolonged length presents trade-offs. Passengers should issue within the layover time, potential delays at connecting airports, and the elevated danger of missed connections on account of unexpected circumstances. Moreover, navigating unfamiliar airports throughout layovers can add stress and complexity to the journey expertise. For instance, a delayed arrival within the connecting metropolis would possibly result in a missed connection to Dallas, requiring rebooking and additional extending the general journey time. Understanding the potential impression of connecting flights on whole journey time permits knowledgeable choices when weighing price financial savings in opposition to the inconvenience of prolonged journeys.

Cautious analysis of connecting flight choices is crucial. Components to contemplate embrace the layover length, the airport’s format and facilities, the airline’s on-time efficiency, and the potential for delays based mostly on historic knowledge or present circumstances. Vacationers ought to assess whether or not the potential price financial savings outweigh the prolonged journey time and elevated complexity related to connecting flights. Prioritizing well-planned itineraries with ample layover time and contemplating different transportation choices, similar to direct flights or different modes of journey, contributes to a smoother and extra predictable journey expertise between Fort Lauderdale and Dallas.

3. Airline Selection

Airline alternative considerably impacts flight length between Fort Lauderdale and Dallas. Totally different airways function various plane varieties with totally different cruising speeds. Some prioritize pace, whereas others emphasize gasoline effectivity, doubtlessly influencing flight instances. Route choice additionally varies amongst airways. Whereas some provide direct flights, others would possibly route passengers by way of connecting hubs, including to total journey time. For instance, selecting an airline identified for direct flights to Dallas from Fort Lauderdale, like Spirit or Southwest, would possibly lead to a shorter total journey time in comparison with an airline requiring a connection. Conversely, an airline like American, with a significant hub in Dallas, would possibly provide extra frequent flights however doubtlessly longer journey instances if connections are concerned. Analyzing airline route maps and schedules is essential for optimizing flight length based mostly on particular wants.

Past scheduled flight instances, airline operational effectivity influences precise journey length. Airways with increased on-time efficiency information contribute to predictable journey schedules. Conversely, airways with decrease on-time efficiency introduce a better danger of delays, doubtlessly impacting connecting flights and increasing total journey time. Contemplating an airline’s historic efficiency knowledge gives insights into potential delays on account of elements similar to upkeep points or operational inefficiencies. As an example, if an airline continuously experiences delays departing Fort Lauderdale, this might impression connection instances in different hubs and in the end lengthen arrival time in Dallas. Subsequently, researching an airline’s operational reliability turns into an important part of minimizing journey time uncertainties.

Strategic airline choice requires contemplating each scheduled and precise flight efficiency. Evaluating elements similar to plane sort, route choices, and on-time efficiency permits vacationers to reduce potential journey time variations. Understanding these nuances empowers knowledgeable choices, optimizing journey effectivity between Fort Lauderdale and Dallas. This knowledgeable method to airline choice ensures a smoother, extra predictable journey expertise, aligning with particular person journey priorities.

4. Time of 12 months

Time of 12 months considerably influences flight instances between Fort Lauderdale and Dallas. Seasonal journey patterns, notably throughout holidays and main occasions, impression each flight availability and length. Peak seasons, similar to Thanksgiving, Christmas, and spring break, usually expertise elevated demand, resulting in fuller flights and doubtlessly longer journey instances on account of heightened air visitors congestion. For instance, flights through the Christmas vacation interval would possibly expertise longer taxiing instances and potential holding patterns earlier than touchdown in Dallas on account of elevated visitors quantity. Conversely, the shoulder seasons, like spring or fall, typically see much less demand, doubtlessly resulting in shorter journey instances on account of diminished congestion. Understanding these seasonal fluctuations permits vacationers to anticipate potential variations in flight durations and plan accordingly.

Climate patterns additionally contribute to differences due to the season in flight instances. Hurricane season in South Florida (June 1st to November thirtieth) may cause flight delays or cancellations, impacting journey plans to Dallas. Equally, winter storms within the Dallas space can disrupt flight schedules. Whereas airways attempt to take care of schedules, weather-related delays are frequent throughout these durations. For instance, a hurricane approaching Fort Lauderdale may floor flights, delaying departures and doubtlessly inflicting missed connections in different cities, thereby extending the general journey time to Dallas. Monitoring climate forecasts and contemplating journey insurance coverage turns into essential throughout these durations to mitigate potential disruptions. Flexibility in journey dates throughout hurricane season or winter months may also decrease the impression of weather-related delays.

Strategic planning that considers differences due to the season in flight instances is crucial for environment friendly journey. Reserving flights prematurely, notably throughout peak seasons, secures most popular itineraries and doubtlessly mitigates the impression of elevated demand. Flexibility with journey dates, the place attainable, permits vacationers to capitalize on decrease demand durations and doubtlessly shorter flight instances. Monitoring climate forecasts and contemplating journey insurance coverage gives additional safety in opposition to unexpected delays. Integrating these elements into journey planning ensures a smoother, extra predictable journey between Fort Lauderdale and Dallas, whatever the time of 12 months.

5. Day of the Week

Day of the week considerably influences flight instances between Fort Lauderdale and Dallas. Enterprise journey patterns usually consider weekdays, resulting in increased demand and doubtlessly longer flight durations, notably throughout peak hours. Monday mornings and Friday afternoons typically expertise elevated visitors quantity, doubtlessly leading to longer taxiing instances, potential holding patterns earlier than takeoff or touchdown, and elevated danger of delays. Conversely, weekends continuously exhibit decrease demand, doubtlessly resulting in shorter flight instances and diminished congestion. As an example, a Friday afternoon flight from Fort Lauderdale to Dallas would possibly encounter delays on account of congested airspace and better visitors quantity at DFW, whereas a Saturday morning flight on the identical route may expertise a smoother, sooner journey on account of diminished air visitors.

Airways regulate flight schedules to accommodate these weekly fluctuations in demand. They may improve flight frequency throughout peak weekday hours to accommodate enterprise vacationers however scale back frequency on weekends when leisure journey predominates. This variability necessitates cautious consideration of day-of-the-week journey patterns when planning itineraries. Understanding these patterns permits vacationers to anticipate potential variations in flight length and regulate accordingly. Selecting much less congested journey days, similar to mid-week or weekend flights, would possibly scale back total journey time, whereas choosing peak journey days requires factoring in potential delays and elevated congestion. For instance, scheduling a Tuesday or Wednesday departure would possibly provide a shorter, much less congested journey expertise in comparison with a Monday morning departure.

Strategic scheduling based mostly on day-of-the-week journey patterns contributes to environment friendly journey planning. Evaluating typical demand patterns for particular routes and contemplating different journey days can decrease potential delays and optimize total journey time. Integrating this understanding into the planning course of enhances journey predictability and aligns with particular person scheduling priorities. This consciousness permits vacationers to pick out flights strategically, balancing price issues with the need for environment friendly and well timed journey between Fort Lauderdale and Dallas.

6. Climate Situations

Climate circumstances signify a vital issue influencing flight instances between Fort Lauderdale and Dallas. Hostile climate at both departure or arrival airports, or alongside the flight path, can considerably impression flight schedules and total journey length. Understanding the affect of assorted climate phenomena permits vacationers to anticipate potential disruptions and make knowledgeable choices.

  • Thunderstorms

    Thunderstorms, prevalent in each Florida and Texas, may cause important flight delays. Heavy rain, lightning, and powerful winds can floor flights, resulting in departure delays or diversions. For instance, a extreme thunderstorm in Fort Lauderdale may delay the preliminary departure, doubtlessly inflicting missed connections in different cities and increasing the general journey time to Dallas. Even after the storm passes, residual results like air visitors congestion can additional compound delays.

  • Fog

    Fog, notably through the cooler months, can considerably scale back visibility at airports. Low visibility circumstances typically result in flight delays and cancellations as plane require minimal visibility ranges for protected takeoff and touchdown. Dense fog in Dallas, for instance, may delay the arrival of flights from Fort Lauderdale, doubtlessly extending total journey time as plane maintain till visibility improves.

  • Hurricanes

    Hurricane season in South Florida (June 1st to November thirtieth) poses a major risk to flight operations. Hurricanes may cause widespread flight cancellations and airport closures, considerably disrupting journey plans. A hurricane approaching Fort Lauderdale may result in flight cancellations effectively prematurely of the storm’s arrival, requiring vacationers to reschedule their journeys to Dallas and doubtlessly impacting total journey length.

  • Winter Storms

    Winter storms, whereas much less frequent, can impression flights within the Dallas space. Freezing rain, snow, and ice can disrupt airport operations and floor plane, resulting in delays and cancellations. A winter storm in Dallas may delay or divert incoming flights from Fort Lauderdale, impacting connecting flights and increasing total journey time.

Contemplating the potential impression of climate on flight instances between Fort Lauderdale and Dallas is essential for efficient journey planning. Monitoring climate forecasts, checking flight statuses, and contemplating journey insurance coverage can assist mitigate potential disruptions. Flexibility with journey dates, when attainable, permits vacationers to regulate plans in response to unexpected climate occasions, minimizing the impression on total journey time.

7. Air Site visitors Management

Air visitors management (ATC) performs a crucial function in figuring out flight instances between Fort Lauderdale and Dallas. ATC manages the circulate of plane inside the Nationwide Airspace System (NAS), guaranteeing protected separation and environment friendly routing. Its affect on flight length manifests in numerous methods, impacting each departure and arrival instances, in addition to the general en-route expertise.

  • Floor Delays and Taxi Occasions

    ATC manages plane motion on the bottom, together with taxiing to and from runways. In periods of excessive visitors quantity at both Fort Lauderdale or Dallas airports, plane might expertise prolonged taxi instances, impacting departure and arrival instances. These floor delays, managed by ATC to take care of protected operations, contribute on to total flight length.

  • Departure Sequencing and Holding Patterns

    ATC determines the departure sequence of plane, managing the circulate of departing flights to optimize runway utilization and keep protected separation. Throughout peak durations, plane could also be held in holding patterns close to the departure airport, awaiting clearance to take off. This could improve pre-departure flight time and impression total journey length. Equally, arrival sequencing and holding patterns close to Dallas can lengthen flight instances earlier than touchdown.

  • En-Route Routing and Airspace Congestion

    ATC directs plane alongside established airways, managing air visitors circulate throughout the nation. Airspace congestion, typically on account of climate or excessive visitors quantity, can result in rerouting or delays en route. These changes, whereas needed for security, can impression flight instances between Fort Lauderdale and Dallas. As an example, an plane may be directed to an extended path to keep away from congested airspace, rising the general flight length.

  • Arrival Sequencing and Strategy Management

    As plane method their vacation spot, ATC guides them by way of the arrival course of, managing descent and sequencing for touchdown. Throughout excessive visitors durations at Dallas airports, plane would possibly expertise holding patterns or delays through the method part. This provides to the general flight time and may impression connecting flight schedules.

The impression of air visitors management on flight instances between Fort Lauderdale and Dallas underscores its crucial function in aviation security and effectivity. Understanding the varied methods ATC influences flight length, from floor delays to en-route routing, permits vacationers to understand the complexity of air journey administration and the elements contributing to total journey time.

8. Departure Airport (FLL)

Fort Lauderdale-Hollywood Worldwide Airport (FLL) serves because the origin level for flights to Dallas, establishing a direct hyperlink between the departure airport and total journey time. FLL’s operational effectivity, together with elements like on-time departure efficiency and floor procedures, straight impacts flight schedules. For instance, delays stemming from congestion at FLL, similar to prolonged taxi instances or holding patterns earlier than takeoff, contribute to elevated journey time to Dallas. Conversely, environment friendly operations at FLL decrease preliminary delays, doubtlessly resulting in shorter total journey durations. Understanding the departure airport’s function as the primary hyperlink within the journey chain highlights its significance in influencing whole journey time.

The supply of direct flights from FLL to Dallas additionally influences total journey time. Airways providing direct routes from FLL get rid of the necessity for connecting flights, considerably lowering journey length in comparison with itineraries involving intermediate stops. Conversely, if direct flights are unavailable, vacationers should join by way of different airports, including layover time and potential delays to the whole journey. The selection between Dallas/Fort Value Worldwide Airport (DFW) and Dallas Love Subject (DAL) additional influences obtainable flight choices from FLL. Sure airways might favor one Dallas airport over the opposite, necessitating cautious consideration when choosing flights to reduce journey time.

Optimizing journey time to Dallas requires contemplating FLL’s operational traits and obtainable flight choices. Monitoring FLL’s real-time flight standing data, contemplating historic on-time efficiency knowledge, and understanding airline route preferences contribute to knowledgeable decision-making. Selecting airways with established direct routes from FLL to the popular Dallas airport, when obtainable, minimizes potential delays and streamlines the general journey expertise. This consciousness empowers vacationers to pick out flights strategically, aligning departure airport operations with particular person journey priorities and minimizing total journey time to Dallas.

9. Arrival Airport (DFW/DAL)

The selection between Dallas/Fort Value Worldwide Airport (DFW) and Dallas Love Subject (DAL) represents a vital issue influencing total journey time from Fort Lauderdale. Deciding on the suitable arrival airport requires cautious consideration of assorted elements, together with airline preferences, floor transportation choices, and remaining vacation spot proximity.

  • Airline Service and Direct Flights

    Totally different airways function primarily from both DFW or DAL. Some airways provide direct flights from Fort Lauderdale to solely one of many two airports. Selecting an airline that flies on to the popular airport minimizes journey time by eliminating the necessity for connecting flights or airport transfers. For instance, Southwest Airways primarily operates from Dallas Love Subject, whereas American Airways makes use of DFW as a significant hub. This distinction necessitates choosing an airline aligned with the specified arrival airport to optimize journey time.

  • Floor Transportation and Vacation spot Proximity

    The chosen arrival airport influences floor transportation time to the ultimate vacation spot inside the Dallas-Fort Value metroplex. DFW, positioned between Dallas and Fort Value, would possibly provide handy entry to locations in both metropolis, however require longer journey instances to particular areas inside the metropolis facilities. DAL, located nearer to downtown Dallas, gives faster entry to central Dallas however doubtlessly longer journey instances to locations in Fort Value or surrounding suburbs. Evaluating the proximity of the ultimate vacation spot to every airport is crucial for minimizing total journey time.

  • Airport Dimension and Structure

    DFW, a considerably bigger airport than DAL, can current longer transit instances inside the terminal, notably for connecting flights. Navigating a bigger airport can add to the general journey length in comparison with a smaller airport like DAL, the place shorter distances between gates streamline the switch course of. Contemplating airport measurement and format is essential, particularly for vacationers with tight connecting flight schedules.

  • Site visitors Congestion and Entry Routes

    Site visitors congestion round each DFW and DAL can affect total journey time. Peak visitors durations can considerably lengthen floor transportation time from both airport to the ultimate vacation spot. Evaluating visitors patterns and contemplating different transportation choices, similar to public transportation or ride-sharing companies, contributes to minimizing journey time impacted by visitors circumstances.

Strategic collection of the arrival airport, DFW or DAL, straight impacts the general journey time from Fort Lauderdale. Cautious consideration of airline service, floor transportation choices, airport measurement, and potential visitors congestion ensures environment friendly journey planning and minimizes pointless delays upon arrival within the Dallas-Fort Value space. Evaluating these elements along side flight schedules and private preferences optimizes your entire journey expertise.

Steadily Requested Questions

This part addresses frequent inquiries concerning flight durations between Fort Lauderdale and Dallas, offering concise and informative responses.

Query 1: What’s the typical flight time for a direct flight from Fort Lauderdale to Dallas?

Direct flights usually vary from two and a half to 3 hours. Nonetheless, precise flight time can range based mostly on particular routing, plane sort, and air visitors management.

Query 2: How does selecting between Dallas/Fort Value (DFW) and Dallas Love Subject (DAL) have an effect on total journey time?

Deciding on the suitable airport is determined by the ultimate vacation spot and floor transportation choices. DFW, positioned between Dallas and Fort Value, might necessitate longer floor journey instances to particular metropolis facilities, whereas DAL, nearer to downtown Dallas, gives faster entry to central Dallas however doubtlessly longer journey instances to Fort Value or surrounding suburbs.

Query 3: How do connecting flights affect total journey length in comparison with direct flights?

Connecting flights invariably lengthen total journey time on account of layovers, which contain deplaning, navigating connecting airports, and re-boarding. Layover durations, potential delays, and the elevated danger of missed connections contribute to prolonged journeys.

Query 4: What function does the time of 12 months play in flight durations between Fort Lauderdale and Dallas?

Peak journey seasons, similar to holidays and main occasions, usually expertise elevated demand and air visitors congestion, doubtlessly resulting in longer flight instances. Climate patterns, like hurricane season in South Florida and winter storms within the Dallas space, additionally affect flight schedules and durations.

Query 5: How can vacationers decrease potential delays and optimize journey time?

Reserving flights prematurely, notably throughout peak seasons, permits for higher management over itinerary choice. Monitoring climate forecasts, checking flight statuses commonly, and contemplating journey insurance coverage assist mitigate disruptions. Flexibility with journey dates, when possible, permits vacationers to capitalize on durations of decrease demand and doubtlessly shorter flight instances. Selecting direct flights when obtainable considerably reduces total journey time.

Query 6: The place can vacationers discover dependable data on present flight schedules and potential delays?

Actual-time flight data could be obtained straight from airline web sites and cell functions, or by way of on-line flight monitoring companies. These sources present up-to-date data on flight schedules, gate data, and potential delays, enabling vacationers to regulate plans accordingly.

Understanding the elements influencing flight instances between Fort Lauderdale and Dallas empowers knowledgeable journey choices. Strategic planning, contemplating the nuances of scheduling, airline selections, and potential disruptions, contributes to a extra environment friendly and predictable journey expertise.

For additional data concerning particular airline insurance policies, baggage allowances, or airport facilities, consulting the respective airline or airport web sites gives complete particulars.

Suggestions for Optimizing Journey Between Fort Lauderdale and Dallas

The following pointers provide steering for environment friendly and knowledgeable journey planning, minimizing potential disruptions and maximizing journey time effectivity between Fort Lauderdale and Dallas.

Tip 1: E book Flights in Advance, Particularly Throughout Peak Seasons

Securing flights effectively prematurely, notably throughout high-demand durations like holidays and main occasions, gives higher management over itinerary choice and doubtlessly mitigates the impression of elevated fares and restricted availability. Advance reserving permits vacationers to prioritize direct flights and most popular departure instances, lowering total journey time.

Tip 2: Monitor Climate Forecasts and Think about Journey Insurance coverage

Climate circumstances considerably impression flight schedules. Repeatedly monitoring climate forecasts for each Fort Lauderdale and Dallas permits vacationers to anticipate potential disruptions. Journey insurance coverage gives monetary safety in opposition to unexpected weather-related cancellations or delays, mitigating potential losses and facilitating rebooking choices.

Tip 3: Examine Flight Statuses Repeatedly

Actual-time flight monitoring instruments, obtainable by way of airline web sites, cell functions, or on-line flight monitoring companies, present up-to-the-minute data on flight schedules, gate modifications, and potential delays. Repeatedly checking flight standing updates permits vacationers to regulate plans proactively and decrease the impression of disruptions.

Tip 4: Think about Different Transportation Choices for Floor Journey

Site visitors congestion round each DFW and DAL airports can affect total journey time. Evaluating visitors patterns and exploring different floor transportation choices, similar to public transportation, ride-sharing companies, or airport shuttles, can decrease delays and optimize journey time to the ultimate vacation spot.

Tip 5: Pack Mild and Effectively

Minimizing baggage reduces time spent at check-in, baggage declare, and navigating airports. Adhering to airline baggage restrictions avoids further charges and streamlines the journey course of. Packing important gadgets in carry-on baggage additional reduces reliance on checked baggage, expediting airport procedures and minimizing potential delays.

Tip 6: Consider Airline Selections Based mostly on On-Time Efficiency and Route Choices

Airways range of their on-time efficiency and route choices. Researching airline monitor information and contemplating route preferences, similar to direct flights versus connecting itineraries, contributes to knowledgeable airline choice and doubtlessly reduces journey time. Prioritizing airways identified for environment friendly operations and direct routes minimizes the chance of delays.

Implementing these methods enhances journey effectivity, minimizes potential disruptions, and permits knowledgeable decision-making. Proactive planning, knowledgeable by real-time data and strategic issues, contributes to a smoother and extra predictable journey expertise between Fort Lauderdale and Dallas.

By incorporating the following tips, vacationers can optimize their journeys and decrease travel-related stress, in the end contributing to a extra optimistic and environment friendly journey expertise.

Conclusion

Components influencing length between Fort Lauderdale and Dallas embody airline choice, direct versus connecting routes, time of 12 months, day of week, climate circumstances, air visitors management, and selection of arrival airport (DFW or DAL). Understanding these components permits for knowledgeable choices, optimizing journey time and minimizing potential disruptions. Direct flights usually provide the shortest journey instances, whereas connecting flights introduce further complexities and potential delays. Peak journey seasons and weekday journey typically correlate with elevated congestion and longer durations. Climate occasions and air visitors management choices signify dynamic elements impacting real-time flight operations.

Minimizing journey time requires strategic planning. Advance reserving, notably throughout peak seasons, secures most popular itineraries. Monitoring climate forecasts and flight statuses permits for proactive changes to journey plans. Cautious consideration of airline selections, based mostly on elements like on-time efficiency and route choices, additional optimizes journey effectivity. Finally, knowledgeable decision-making, grounded in a complete understanding of those influencing elements, contributes to a smoother, extra predictable, and time-efficient journey expertise between Fort Lauderdale and Dallas.