8+ Sample Truck Driver Resumes & Templates


8+ Sample Truck Driver Resumes & Templates

A template for a curriculum vitae particularly designed for skilled truck drivers offers a sensible framework for showcasing related expertise and abilities. Such templates usually spotlight sections essential for this occupation, comparable to industrial driver’s license info, driving expertise, security data, and specialised abilities like dealing with hazardous supplies or working particular sorts of vans. A well-structured instance can function a information for drivers creating or updating their very own paperwork, making certain they current their {qualifications} successfully to potential employers.

Using pre-designed codecs provides a number of benefits. These templates may help drivers set up their info logically, emphasize key {qualifications}, and create knowledgeable first impression. That is notably helpful for drivers transitioning from different industries or these with intensive expertise who need assistance structuring their profession historical past concisely. Traditionally, the trucking {industry} has relied closely on expertise and verifiable credentials. A transparent, complete overview of a driver’s {qualifications}, facilitated by a well-designed template, can considerably streamline the hiring course of for each the motive force and the employer.

This doc performs a significant function within the job utility course of for truck drivers, providing a snapshot of their abilities and expertise. The next sections will delve into the precise elements of an efficient driver’s curriculum vitae, offering concrete examples and finest practices for crafting a compelling narrative of 1’s skilled journey. Matters lined will embody tailoring the doc to particular job necessities, highlighting security data, and demonstrating specialised abilities.

1. Contact Info

Correct and accessible contact info is paramount inside a truck driver resume. It serves as the first channel for potential employers to provoke communication concerning interviews and employment alternatives. Incomplete or inaccurate particulars can hinder the applying course of, probably resulting in missed alternatives. Due to this fact, presenting this info clearly and professionally is important.

  • Full Authorized Identify

    The resume ought to start with the motive force’s full authorized identify, introduced prominently on the high of the doc. This ensures clear identification and professionalism. Utilizing nicknames or abbreviations needs to be averted. For instance, “Robert James Smith” is most popular over “Bob Smith” or “R. Smith.”

  • Cellphone Quantity

    A dependable telephone quantity is essential for recruiters to schedule interviews rapidly. Offering a cell quantity is usually really useful, making certain constant accessibility. Together with a transparent indication of the world code can be useful. An expert voicemail message additional enhances the applicant’s picture.

  • E-mail Handle

    An expert electronic mail tackle is important for written communication. Utilizing a free electronic mail service is appropriate, however the tackle itself ought to mirror professionalism. For example, an tackle like “robert.smith@electronic mail.com” is most popular over casual variations. Often checking this electronic mail account for correspondence is essential.

  • Mailing Handle (Non-obligatory)

    Whereas a bodily mailing tackle is much less crucial within the digital age, some employers should require it. If included, it needs to be present and formatted appropriately, together with avenue tackle, metropolis, state, and zip code. A submit workplace field tackle is appropriate if a everlasting residential tackle is unavailable.

These seemingly easy particulars type the essential hyperlink between the applicant and potential employment. Throughout the context of a truck driver resume, readily accessible contact info demonstrates professionalism and facilitates environment friendly communication, in the end rising the probability of a profitable job search.

2. Abstract/Goal

The Abstract/Goal part inside a truck driver resume serves as a crucial introductory aspect, offering a concise overview of the candidate’s key {qualifications} and profession aspirations. This part acts as a bridge, connecting the candidate’s expertise with the employer’s necessities. A well-crafted Abstract/Goal instantly captures the reader’s consideration, highlighting related abilities and expertise that align with the precise job description. It successfully solutions the query, “Why ought to this candidate be thought of for this place?” This part can considerably influence the general effectiveness of the resume, influencing whether or not a possible employer continues studying.

Distinguishing between a Abstract and an Goal clarifies the aim of this part. A Abstract focuses on present expertise, emphasizing accomplishments and abilities honed over time. For instance, a driver with ten years of expertise may write: “Extremely skilled and safety-conscious industrial truck driver with a confirmed monitor document of on-time deliveries and distinctive automobile upkeep abilities.” An Goal, conversely, outlines profession objectives and is usually extra appropriate for entry-level drivers or these in search of a profession change. An instance Goal could be: “Looking for a difficult and rewarding truck driving place with alternatives for skilled development and using specialised abilities in hazardous materials transport.” Selecting the suitable approachSummary or Objectivedepends on the candidate’s particular person circumstances and the precise necessities of the focused function.

Crafting a compelling Abstract/Goal requires cautious consideration of the audience and the precise job description. The language used needs to be concise, action-oriented, and tailor-made to mirror the employer’s wants. Highlighting quantifiable achievements, specialised endorsements, and security data provides weight to the candidate’s profile. This part’s strategic significance lies in its potential to create a robust first impression, persuading the reader to delve deeper into the candidate’s expertise and in the end rising the possibilities of securing an interview. Neglecting this important aspect can lead to a missed alternative to showcase a candidate’s suitability for the place, even when the remaining sections of the resume are well-prepared.

3. Expertise

The “Expertise” part varieties the cornerstone of a truck driver resume, offering concrete proof of a candidate’s skilled journey and capabilities. This part immediately influences hiring choices because it demonstrates sensible utility of abilities and amassed data throughout the trucking {industry}. A well-structured “Expertise” part distinguishes a candidate from others, showcasing not solely the period of employment however, crucially, the precise obligations dealt with and achievements attained. The causal hyperlink between introduced expertise and the probability of securing employment is plain. A complete account of related expertise, together with particulars of the sorts of autos operated, cargo transported, and routes lined, strengthens the candidate’s profile. For instance, a candidate with expertise transporting hazardous supplies possesses a specialised talent set extremely wanted by sure employers. Equally, expertise navigating long-haul routes demonstrates endurance and logistical experience.

Actual-world examples additional illustrate the significance of an in depth “Expertise” part. A driver who has constantly maintained an ideal security document all through their profession can leverage this info to display their dedication to secure driving practices. Equally, a driver who has expertise coaching new hires can showcase management qualities and mentorship skills. The sensible significance of understanding learn how to current expertise successfully inside a resume can’t be overstated. It permits potential employers to evaluate a candidate’s suitability for a selected function primarily based on tangible achievements and demonstrated competencies. Quantifiable metrics, comparable to miles pushed with out incident or profitable deliveries accomplished, present concrete proof of a driver’s capabilities.

In abstract, the “Expertise” part acts as a bridge connecting a driver’s previous efficiency with future alternatives. A transparent, concise, and complete account of related expertise, enriched with particular examples and quantifiable achievements, considerably enhances the general influence of a truck driver resume. Addressing potential challenges, comparable to gaps in employment historical past, proactively and truthfully, whereas emphasizing transferable abilities acquired throughout these durations, additional strengthens the narrative introduced. Efficiently conveying related expertise inside a resume usually proves decisive in securing a desired place throughout the aggressive trucking {industry}.

4. Abilities

The “Abilities” part of a truck driver resume offers a focused overview of a candidate’s capabilities, immediately influencing how employers assess suitability for particular roles. This part bridges the hole between theoretical data and sensible utility, demonstrating proficiency in areas important for secure and environment friendly operation throughout the trucking {industry}. Clear articulation of related abilities enhances a resume’s effectiveness, enabling potential employers to rapidly determine candidates possessing the required experience.

  • Technical Proficiency

    Technical abilities embody a driver’s potential to function varied sorts of industrial autos, together with tractor-trailers, tankers, and flatbeds. Itemizing particular transmission sorts (e.g., guide, automated) and endorsements (e.g., Hazmat, Doubles/Triples) demonstrates specialised coaching and experience. For instance, a driver proficient in working digital logging gadgets (ELDs) and GPS navigation techniques displays adaptability to fashionable trucking applied sciences. These demonstrable technical proficiencies are sometimes conditions for particular roles and considerably affect hiring choices.

  • Security and Compliance

    Security and compliance abilities are paramount within the trucking {industry}. Highlighting a clear driving document, data of Division of Transportation (DOT) laws, and pre-trip inspection procedures showcases a dedication to security and professionalism. Expertise with defensive driving strategies and accident prevention protocols additional strengthens a candidate’s profile. Demonstrating adherence to security requirements not solely protects drivers and the general public but in addition mitigates dangers for employers, making these abilities extremely fascinating.

  • Logistics and Effectivity

    Logistics and effectivity abilities relate to a driver’s potential to handle time, optimize routes, and keep correct documentation. Expertise with load securement, weight distribution, and environment friendly gasoline administration demonstrates sensible data essential for maximizing productiveness and minimizing operational prices. For example, a driver expert in route planning and using navigation instruments can reduce supply occasions and enhance total effectivity, immediately impacting an employer’s backside line.

  • Communication and Delicate Abilities

    Whereas usually neglected, communication and gentle abilities play a significant function in a truck driver’s success. Efficient communication with dispatchers, shoppers, and loading dock personnel ensures clean operations and minimizes misunderstandings. Drawback-solving skills, adaptability to altering situations, and sustaining knowledgeable demeanor underneath stress are all precious property within the trucking {industry}. These gentle abilities, although much less tangible than technical proficiencies, contribute considerably to a driver’s total efficiency {and professional} picture.

These interconnected talent units, when clearly articulated inside a truck driver resume, present a complete view of a candidate’s capabilities and potential. A well-crafted “Abilities” part, aligned with the necessities of a selected job description, considerably will increase the probability of securing an interview and in the end acquiring employment. The demonstrated potential to mix technical experience with security consciousness, logistical effectivity, and efficient communication positions a driver as a precious asset throughout the aggressive trucking panorama.

5. Licenses/Certifications

The “Licenses/Certifications” part inside a truck driver resume holds vital weight, immediately impacting employability. This part serves as verifiable proof of a driver’s {qualifications} and adherence to {industry} requirements. A transparent presentation of related licenses and certifications establishes credibility and professionalism. The presence of this info inside a resume immediately correlates with a possible employer’s confidence in a candidate’s skills and authorized compliance. For example, possession of a legitimate Business Driver’s License (CDL) is a elementary requirement for many trucking positions. Particular endorsements, comparable to Hazmat or Passenger (P), additional display specialised coaching and increase employment alternatives. Equally, certifications associated to particular cargo dealing with, comparable to transporting outsized hundreds or working specialised gear, showcase a driver’s superior abilities and dedication to skilled improvement. Omitting or misrepresenting this info can have severe penalties, probably resulting in disqualification from consideration and even authorized repercussions.

Actual-world situations underscore the significance of precisely representing licenses and certifications. A driver making use of for a place requiring Hazmat transportation should clearly point out possession of the Hazmat endorsement on their resume and CDL. Failure to take action might end in rapid rejection, no matter different {qualifications}. One other instance includes drivers in search of long-haul positions. Possession of a legitimate medical expert’s certificates, demonstrating bodily health to function industrial autos, is important. Employers depend on this info to make sure compliance with security laws and mitigate potential dangers. Sensible utility of this understanding necessitates sustaining up to date data of all licenses and certifications, making certain accuracy and completeness throughout the resume. This proactive strategy streamlines the applying course of and presents knowledgeable picture to potential employers.

In abstract, the “Licenses/Certifications” part features as a crucial validation part inside a truck driver resume. Correct and complete presentation of this info immediately influences hiring choices, impacting each the candidate’s prospects and the employer’s compliance with {industry} laws. Addressing potential challenges, comparable to expired certifications or pending endorsements, proactively and truthfully, maintains transparency and permits employers to evaluate a candidate’s present {qualifications} precisely. The strategic inclusion of this info, introduced clearly and professionally, in the end strengthens a driver’s utility and will increase their probability of securing a desired place throughout the trucking {industry}.

6. Training

The “Training” part in a truck driver resume, whereas not all the time the first focus, offers precious context and might considerably affect employer perceptions. This part demonstrates a dedication to studying {and professional} improvement, probably setting a candidate aside. Whereas sensible expertise usually takes priority within the trucking {industry}, academic background can sign adaptability, trainability, and a broader skillset.

  • Formal Education

    Highschool diplomas or GED equivalents are usually baseline necessities for a lot of trucking corporations. Increased training, comparable to an affiliate’s or bachelor’s diploma, though much less frequent, can display superior analytical and communication abilities, probably helpful for roles involving logistics or administration. For instance, a level in logistics administration may very well be advantageous for a driver in search of a dispatching function later of their profession. Together with related coursework, comparable to arithmetic or enterprise administration, additional strengthens the academic narrative.

  • Specialised Coaching Applications

    Finishing accredited truck driving faculties or specialised coaching packages is usually a prerequisite for acquiring a CDL and signifies a dedication to skilled requirements. These packages present structured coaching in automobile operation, security laws, and cargo dealing with. Itemizing the establishment’s identify, program completion date, and particular certifications earned, comparable to Hazmat or Tanker endorsements, provides weight to this part. For example, finishing a program specializing in outsized load transport can open doorways to area of interest alternatives.

  • Persevering with Training Programs

    Taking part in persevering with training programs demonstrates a driver’s ongoing dedication to skilled improvement and staying present with {industry} finest practices. These programs can cowl subjects like defensive driving strategies, up to date DOT laws, or superior applied sciences within the trucking {industry}. Together with related persevering with training experiences throughout the resume reinforces a candidate’s dedication to security and effectivity. For instance, finishing a course on digital logging gadgets (ELDs) showcases adaptability to technological developments.

  • Security and Compliance Coaching

    Documenting accomplished security and compliance coaching packages, comparable to these associated to hazardous supplies dealing with or Transportation Employee Identification Credential (TWIC) certification, additional strengthens a driver’s profile. These specialised coaching experiences spotlight a dedication to security protocols and regulatory compliance, very important features of the trucking {industry}. Together with particular particulars, comparable to coaching suppliers and dates of completion, enhances credibility. For instance, a driver with up-to-date Hazmat coaching demonstrates adherence to stringent security pointers, rising their desirability for roles involving hazardous cargo transport.

In conclusion, the “Training” part inside a truck driver resume, whereas usually secondary to expertise, offers precious context and might positively affect hiring choices. By presenting academic background strategically, drivers can display not solely elementary {qualifications} but in addition a dedication to steady studying, adaptability, and a broader skillset, in the end strengthening their total profile and rising their competitiveness throughout the trucking {industry}. This complete view of training reinforces the significance of a well-rounded resume for truck drivers in search of to advance their careers.

7. Security File

A driver’s security document is a crucial part inside a truck driver resume, immediately influencing hiring choices. This document offers goal proof of a driver’s dedication to secure driving practices and adherence to {industry} laws. A clear security document considerably enhances a resume’s influence, whereas any blemishes can increase pink flags for potential employers. Due to this fact, presenting security info precisely and transparently is important for constructing belief and demonstrating professionalism.

  • Accident Historical past

    A historical past of accidents, no matter fault, can negatively influence a driver’s employability. Particulars concerning any accidents, together with dates, circumstances, and contributing elements, needs to be introduced precisely and truthfully. Minimizing or omitting accident particulars can injury credibility if found throughout background checks. For instance, a driver concerned in a preventable accident may clarify mitigating circumstances, demonstrating accountability and a dedication to studying from previous errors. Conversely, a constantly clear accident historical past strengthens a driver’s utility, showcasing reliability and secure driving practices.

  • Visitors Violations

    Visitors violations, comparable to rushing tickets or shifting violations, can point out a driver’s disregard for visitors legal guidelines and probably foreshadow future security dangers. Whereas minor infractions may not be disqualifying, a sample of repeated violations can increase considerations. For example, a number of rushing tickets recommend a bent to exceed pace limits, probably endangering public security. Conversely, a clear document devoid of visitors violations reinforces a driver’s dedication to accountable driving habits.

  • DOT Compliance

    Compliance with Division of Transportation (DOT) laws, together with hours-of-service (HOS) guidelines and drug and alcohol testing necessities, is non-negotiable throughout the trucking {industry}. Documented adherence to those laws demonstrates professionalism and duty. For instance, a driver with a historical past of HOS violations might face problem securing employment with respected corporations. Conversely, sustaining a clear DOT compliance document underscores a driver’s dedication to working inside authorized and security pointers, a vital side of the occupation.

  • Security Coaching and Certifications

    Finishing security coaching packages and acquiring related certifications, comparable to defensive driving programs or specialised cargo securement coaching, can positively affect a driver’s security document notion. These proactive measures display a dedication to enhancing security abilities and staying present with {industry} finest practices. For instance, a driver with a defensive driving certification demonstrates a proactive strategy to accident prevention. Together with such particulars inside a resume strengthens a driver’s total profile and highlights their dedication to secure operation.

These interconnected aspects of a driver’s security document collectively contribute to a complete image of their professionalism and suitability for employment. Presenting this info transparently and precisely inside a truck driver resume is essential for constructing belief with potential employers. A powerful security document strengthens an utility, whereas addressing any previous incidents truthfully and demonstrating a dedication to enchancment can mitigate potential considerations. Finally, the security document’s prominence inside a resume underscores its very important function within the hiring course of throughout the trucking {industry}.

8. References

The “References” part in a truck driver resume offers essential third-party validation of a candidate’s abilities, expertise, and work ethic. Serving as a bridge between the knowledge introduced throughout the resume and real-world skilled efficiency, references provide potential employers precious insights from earlier supervisors or colleagues. This part’s inclusion, even when introduced as “accessible upon request,” alerts a candidate’s willingness to endure additional scrutiny and strengthens the general credibility of the resume. Trigger and impact are immediately linked; sturdy references can result in optimistic employer impressions, rising the probability of securing an interview, whereas unfavourable references can hinder a candidate’s prospects. The strategic significance of this part lies in its potential to verify the narrative introduced throughout the resume, offering an unbiased perspective on a driver’s {qualifications}.

Actual-world examples illustrate the sensible significance of this understanding. A driver with constant optimistic suggestions from earlier employers demonstrates reliability and professionalism, key qualities wanted within the trucking {industry}. Conversely, a scarcity of references, or references that present unfavourable suggestions, can increase considerations and probably disqualify a candidate, even with a robust resume in any other case. Think about a driver whose resume highlights glorious security practices; a reference from a former supervisor confirming this dedication to security considerably strengthens the motive force’s credibility. Conversely, a driver claiming intensive expertise with specialised cargo may face skepticism if references can not corroborate this declare. The cautious collection of references who can attest to a driver’s particular abilities and expertise related to the goal place is paramount. A reference from a dispatcher accustomed to a driver’s logistical effectivity holds extra weight for a long-haul trucking place than a reference from a short-haul supply firm.

In abstract, the “References” part, though usually positioned on the finish of a truck driver resume, carries vital weight within the hiring course of. It offers an unbiased layer of verification, influencing employer perceptions and immediately impacting employment prospects. Addressing potential challenges, comparable to sustaining contact with earlier employers or choosing acceptable references, proactively demonstrates professionalism and preparedness. The strategic inclusion of sturdy references inside a truck driver resume reinforces the narrative introduced throughout the doc, rising the candidate’s credibility and probability of securing a desired place throughout the aggressive trucking {industry}.

Steadily Requested Questions

This part addresses frequent inquiries concerning the event and utilization of efficient curriculum vitae templates for skilled truck drivers.

Query 1: How does a devoted template differ from a generic resume template?

Templates designed for truck drivers emphasize industry-specific info, comparable to CDL endorsements, expertise with varied truck sorts, and security data. Generic templates lack these specialised sections.

Query 2: Is it essential to tailor a template to every particular job utility?

Customization is extremely really useful. Highlighting abilities and expertise related to the goal place will increase the probability of securing an interview. Generic functions usually lack the precision wanted to face out.

Query 3: How ought to gaps in employment historical past be addressed inside a template?

Honesty and transparency are important. Briefly clarify any gaps, emphasizing abilities gained throughout these durations or causes for the interruption. Specializing in transferable abilities can mitigate potential considerations.

Query 4: What’s the significance of key phrases inside a template?

Key phrases associated to the goal place, comparable to particular truck sorts, endorsements, or abilities, enhance visibility to applicant monitoring techniques and recruiters. Strategic key phrase utilization can considerably improve searchability.

Query 5: How can templates help drivers with restricted expertise?

Templates present a structured framework for presenting restricted expertise successfully. Specializing in transferable abilities, highlighting related coaching, and emphasizing a dedication to security can compensate for a shorter work historical past.

Query 6: The place can dependable templates for truck drivers be discovered?

Respected on-line assets, skilled resume writing providers, and industry-specific job boards usually provide entry to well-designed templates. Choosing a reputable supply ensures knowledgeable and efficient template.

Understanding these often requested questions clarifies the significance and utility of using well-crafted templates throughout the truck driver job utility course of. A strategically developed resume will increase visibility and successfully showcases a driver’s {qualifications}, contributing considerably to profession success throughout the aggressive trucking {industry}.

The next sections will delve into sensible examples and finest practices for making a compelling truck driver resume.

Suggestions for Creating an Efficient Truck Driver Resume

Optimizing a curriculum vitae for the trucking {industry} requires a strategic strategy. The next ideas present sensible steerage for crafting a doc that successfully showcases a driver’s {qualifications} and expertise, maximizing the potential for securing desired employment alternatives. These suggestions tackle key areas inside a driver’s resume, specializing in content material, formatting, and total presentation.

Tip 1: Prioritize Readability and Conciseness: Keep away from jargon or overly technical language. Current info clearly and concisely, making certain readability and fast comprehension by potential employers. Deal with impactful language, quantifiable achievements, and related key phrases. For instance, as a substitute of stating “Answerable for cargo transportation,” quantify expertise with “Efficiently transported over 1 million kilos of cargo throughout 48 states with zero incidents.”

Tip 2: Tailor to the Particular Job Description: Rigorously evaluate every job posting and spotlight abilities and expertise immediately related to the necessities. Customise the resume for every utility, emphasizing {qualifications} that align with the employer’s wants. A focused strategy demonstrates consideration to element and real curiosity within the particular function. Generic resumes usually lack the precision wanted to face out in a aggressive job market.

Tip 3: Quantify Achievements Each time Attainable: Use numbers and metrics to display accomplishments and supply concrete proof of expertise. Quantifiable achievements, comparable to miles pushed with out incident, on-time supply charges, or gasoline effectivity enhancements, add weight to a resume. For example, stating “Achieved 99% on-time supply charge over the previous three years” demonstrates reliability and effectivity.

Tip 4: Spotlight Security and Compliance: Emphasize a clear driving document, adherence to DOT laws, and any security coaching or certifications. The trucking {industry} prioritizes security; demonstrating a dedication to secure driving practices considerably enhances a resume’s influence. Together with particulars like “Maintained a spotless security document for over 10 years” underscores a driver’s dedication to security.

Tip 5: Showcase Specialised Abilities and Endorsements: Clearly listing any specialised abilities, comparable to Hazmat or Tanker endorsements, expertise with particular sorts of vans, or data of specialised cargo dealing with procedures. These specialised {qualifications} can set a driver aside and enhance their desirability for particular roles. For instance, “Possess Hazmat and Tanker endorsements with 5 years of expertise transporting hazardous supplies” highlights precious experience.

Tip 6: Preserve a Skilled Format: Use a clear {and professional} font, constant formatting all through the doc, and clear part headings. A well-organized and visually interesting resume enhances readability and professionalism. Keep away from cluttered layouts or extreme use of colours and graphics, which might detract from the content material.

Tip 7: Proofread Totally: Rigorously evaluate the resume for any typos, grammatical errors, or inconsistencies. Errors can create a unfavourable impression and undermine a driver’s credibility. Thorough proofreading demonstrates consideration to element and professionalism. Think about using on-line grammar and spell-check instruments or in search of suggestions from a trusted colleague.

Implementing these sensible ideas will increase the effectiveness of a truck driver resume, maximizing its potential to draw consideration from potential employers. A well-crafted resume showcases {qualifications} successfully, strengthens a driver’s utility, and in the end will increase the probability of securing a desired place throughout the trucking {industry}. The following pointers provide a strategic framework for making a compelling narrative {of professional} expertise, in the end driving profession success.

The next part concludes this complete information, summarizing key takeaways and providing closing suggestions for drivers in search of employment throughout the trucking {industry}.

Conclusion

Exploration of curriculum vitae templates for truck drivers reveals their essential function in securing employment throughout the aggressive transportation sector. Efficient templates present structured frameworks for showcasing important {qualifications}, together with industrial driving expertise, security data, specialised endorsements, and related abilities. Cautious consideration to content material, formatting, and tailoring the doc to particular job necessities considerably enhances a driver’s possibilities of securing interviews and in the end acquiring desired positions. Correct illustration of licenses, certifications, and expertise, mixed with clear and concise language, contributes to knowledgeable and compelling presentation of a driver’s {qualifications}.

The trucking {industry} depends on certified professionals with demonstrable abilities and a dedication to security. Using efficient curriculum vitae templates empowers drivers to current their {qualifications} strategically, contributing to each particular person profession success and the general effectivity and security of the transportation community. Steady refinement of those paperwork, reflecting evolving {industry} requirements and particular person skilled development, stays important for long-term profession development throughout the dynamic trucking panorama.